Internet as a resource used by adolescents and university students to cope with psychological problems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33910/2686-9527-2021-3-2-196-207Keywords:
psychological problems, coping, internet, teenagers, university studentsAbstract
The internet has become a new factor of socialisation, which has brought both new psychological problems and new coping strategies. The relevance and originality of the study lies in the fact that the internet is considered not as a source of psychological problems of adolescents and university students, but as a resource for coping with them.
Based on the theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of coping, a working definition of this phenomenon was adopted. It was used to analyse and interpret the results of an empirical survey of 292 adolescents (11–17 years old) and 104 university students (18–22). The interview method was used to identify the role of internet as a resource for coping with problems. The answers were subjected to content analysis and frequency analysis in order to structure a set of coping strategies and perform a comparative analysis of their use by adolescents and university students.
Teenagers and university students who use the internet as a tool for solving psychological problems were found to employ the following three types of strategies: emotional strategy (i. e., a change of attitude to the problem), problem-solving strategy and search for social support. The emotional type of coping style is the most widespread among both adolescents and university students and mostly involves the use of video and audio content. The use of problem-solving strategies increases with age. The search for social support on the internet among university students is not only more active, but also more specific and referential. Among university students, references to problem-solving coping style and to the search for social support are significantly more common than among adolescents. At the same time, 21% of adolescents and 7% of students deny the possibility of using the internet for coping with psychological problems. These results become the basis for testing the hypothesis about the relationship between the degree of immersion in the internet and its use for coping with psychological problems.
References
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
Айсина, Р. М., Нестерова, А. А. (2019) Киберсоциализация молодежи в информационно-коммуникационном пространстве современного мира: эффекты и риски. Социальная психология и общество, т. 10, № 4, с. 42–57. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2019100404
Алексеева, Е. В. (2002) Проявление ответственности подростков в совладании с жизненными проблемами. Диссертация на соискание степени кандидата психологических наук. СПб., РГПУ им. А. И. Герцена, 187 с.
Белинская, Е. П. (2014) Совладание с трудностями в эпоху новых информационных технологий: возможности и ограничения. Психологические исследования, т. 7, № 38, статья 2. [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://psystudy.ru/index.php/num/2014v7n38/1061-belinskaya38.html (дата обращения 06.01.2021).
Белинская, Е. П., Агадуллина, Е. Р. (2020) Переживание относительной депривации как фактор копинг-стратегии избегания в сетевой коммуникации. Социальная психология и общество, т. 11, № 1, с. 92–106. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110106
Ветрова, И. И. (2010) Развитие контроля поведения, совладания и психологических защит в подростковом возрасте. Диссертация на соискание степени кандидата психологических наук. М., Институт психологии РАН, 288 с.
Грядунова, Д. К. Алексеева, Е. В. (2020) Ресурсы и риски киберкоммуникации для подростков с акцентуациями характера. В кн.: Герценовские чтения: психологические исследования в образовании. Материалы III Международной научно-практической конференции. Санкт-Петербург, 1–2 октября 2020 г. Вып. 3. СПб.: Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А. И. Герцена, с. 262–269. https://doi.org/10.33910/herzenpsyconf-2020-3-12
Журавлев, А. Л., Крюкова, Т. Л., Сергиенко, Е. А. (ред.). (2008) Совладающее поведение. Современное состояние и перспективы. М.: Институт психологии РАН, 481 с.
Крюкова, Т. Л. (2007) Человек как субъект совладания. В кн.: Е. А. Сергиенко, Т. Л. Крюкова (ред.). Психология совладающего поведения. Материалы Международной научно-практической конференции 16–18 мая 2007 г. Кострома: КГУ им. Н. А. Некрасова, с. 41–44.
Крюкова, Т. Л. (2010) Психология совладающего поведения в разные годы жизни. Кострома: КГУ им. Н. А. Некрасова, 296 c.
Налчаджян, А. А. (2010) Психологическая адаптация: механизмы и стратегии. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: Эксмо, 368 с.
Нартова-Бочавер, С. К. (1997) «Coping behavior» в системе понятий психологии личности. Психологический журнал, т. 18, № 5, с. 20–30.
Никольская, И. М. (2007) Совладающее поведение в защитной системе человека. В кн.: Е. А. Сергиенко, Т. Л. Крюкова (ред.). Психология совладающего поведения. Материалы Международной научно- практической конференции 16–18 мая 2007 г. Кострома: КГУ им. Н. А. Некрасова, с. 52–54.
Никольская, И. М., Грановская, Р. М. (2006) Психологическая защита у детей. СПб.: Речь, 352 с.
Регуш, Л. А., Алексеева, Е. В., Веретина, О. Р. и др. (2020) Операционализация понятия «психологическая проблема» в отечественных и зарубежных исследованиях. Известия Российского государственного педагогического университета имени А. И. Герцена, № 197, с. 7–17. https://doi.org/10.33910/1992-6464-2020-197-7-17
Ремшмидт, Х. (1994) Подростковый и юношеский возраст: проблемы становления личности. М.: Мир, 320 с.
Сирота, Н. А., Ялтонский, В. М. (2007) Модели копинг-поведения подростков с различными вариантами психосоциальной адаптации. В кн.: Е. А. Сергиенко, Т. Л. Крюкова (ред.). Психология совладающего поведения. Материалы Международной научно-практической конференции 16–18 мая 2007 г. Кострома: КГУ им. Н. А. Некрасова, с. 151–154.
Солдатова, Г. У. (2018) Цифровая социализация в культурно-исторической парадигме: изменяющийся ребенок в изменяющемся мире. Социальная психология и общество, т. 9, № 3. с. 71–80. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2018090308
Фролова, С. В. (2005) Исследование стратегий преодоления кризисных ситуаций в подростковом возрасте. В кн.: М. Ю. Михайлина (ред.). Психологическая помощь подростку в кризисных ситуациях. Саратов: Издательство Латанова В. П., с. 10–18.
Bosma, H. A., Jackson. A. E. S. (еds.). (1990) Coping and self-concept in adolescence. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 270 р.
Kirsch, B., Regusch, L. (Hrsg.). (2000) Jugendliche in der Epoche geselschaftlicher Veränderungen. Problemwahrnehmung und –bewältigung bei jugendlichen Schülern in Potsdam und St. Petersburg. Potsdam: Universität Potsdam, 130 S.
Lazarus, R. S., Folkman, S. (1984) Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer, 456 p.
Leung, L. (2007) Stressful life events, motives for Internet use and social support among digital kids. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 204–214. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9967
Mitchell, M. E., Lebow, J. R., Uribe, R. et al. (2011) Internet use, happiness, social support and introversion: A more fine grained analysis of person variables and internet activity. Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1857–1861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.04.008
Parsons, A., Frydenberg, E., Poole, Ch. (1996) Overachievement and coping strategies in adolescent males. British Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1996.tb01180.x
van Ingen, E., Wright, K. B. (2016) Predictors of mobilizing online coping versus offline coping resources after negative life events. Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 59, рp. 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.048
REFERENCES
Ajsina, R. M., Nesterova, A. A. (2019) Kibersotsializatsiya molodezhi v informatsionno-kommunikatsionnom prostranstve sovremennogo mira: effekty i riski [Cyber socialization of youth in the information and communication space of the modern world: Effects and risks]. Sotsial’naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo — Social Psychology and Society, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 42–57. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2019100404 (In Russian)
Alekseeva, E. V. (2002) Proyavlenie otvetstvennosti podrostkov v sovladanii s zhiznennymi problemami [Responsibility of adolescents in coping with life problems]. PhD dissertation (Psychology). Saint Petersburg, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 187 p. (In Russian)
Belinskaya, E. P. (2014) Sovladanie s trudnostyami v epokhu novykh informacionnykh tekhnologij: vozmozhnosti i ogranicheniya [Coping with challenges in the era of new information technologies: Opportunities and limitations]. Psikhologicheskie issledovaniya — Psychological Research, vol. 7, no. 38, article 2. [Online]. Available at: http://psystudy.ru/index.php/num/2014v7n38/1061-belinskaya38.html (accessed 06.01.2021). (In Russian)
Belinskaya, E. P., Agadullina, E. R. (2020) Perezhivanie otnositel’noj deprivatsii kak faktor koping-strategii izbeganiya v setevoj kommunikatsii [Relative deprivation and an avoidance coping in network communication]. Social’naya psikhologiya i obshchestvo — Social Psychology and Society, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 92–106. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110106 (In Russian)
Bosma, H. A., Jackson. A. E. S. (eds.). (1990) Coping and self-concept in adolescence. Berlin: Springer-Verlag Publ., 270 р. (In English)
Frolova, S. V. (2005) Issledovanie strategij preodoleniya krizisnyh situatsij v podrostkovom vozraste [Research on strategies for coping with crisis situations in adolescence]. In: M. Yu. Mikhajlina (ed.). Psikhologicheskaya pomoshch’ podrostku v krizisnykh situatsiyakh [Psychological assistance to a teenager in crisis situations]. Saratov: Latanov V. P. Publ., pp. 10–18. (In Russian)
Gryadunova, D. K. Alekseeva, E. V. (2020) Resursy i riski kiberkommunikatsii dlya podrostkov s aktsentuatsiyami kharaktera [Resources and risks of online communication for teenagers with accentuated personality traits]. In: Gercenovskie chteniya: psikhologicheskie issledovaniya v obrazovanii. Materialy III Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferentsii. Sankt-Peterburg, 1–2 oktyabrya 2020 g. [The Herzen University Studies: Psychology in Education. Proceedings of the III International Scientific and Practical Conference. Saint Petersburg, 1–2 October 2020]. Iss. 3. Saint Peterburg: Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia Publ., pp. 262–269. https://doi.org/10.33910/herzenpsyconf-2020-3-12 (In Russian)
Kirsch, B., Regusch, L. (eds.). (2000) Jugendliche in der Epoche geselschaftlicher Veränderungen. Problemwahrnehmung und –bewältigung bei jugendlichen Schülern in Potsdam und St. Petersburg [Young people in the epoch of social change: The problem of perception and coping strategies among young students in Potsdam and Saint Petersburg]. Potsdam: Universität Potsdam, 130 p. (In German)
Kryukova, T. L. (2007) Chelovek kak sub’ekt sovladaniya [Man as a subject of coping]. In: E. A. Sergienko, T. L. Kryukova (eds.). Psikhologiya sovladayushchego povedeniya. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferentsii 16–18 maya 2007 g. [The psychology of coping behavior. Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference 16–18 May 2007]. Kostroma: Nekrasov Kostroma State University, pp. 41–44. (In Russian)
Kryukova, T. L. (2010) Psikhologiya sovladayushchego povedeniya v raznye gody zhizni [The psychology of coping behavior in different years of life]. Kostroma: Nekrasov Kostroma State University Publ., 296 p. (In Russian)
Lazarus, R. S., Folkman, S. (1984) Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer, 456 p. (In English)
Leung, L. (2007) Stressful life events, motives for Internet use and social support among digital kids. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 204–214. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9967 (In English)
Mitchell, M. E., Lebow, J. R., Uribe, R. et al. (2011) Internet use, happiness, social support and introversion: A more fine grained analysis of person variables and internet activity. Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1857–1861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.04.008 (In English)
Nalchadzhyan, A. A. (2010) Psikhologicheskaya adaptatsiya: mekhanizmy i strategii [Psychological adaptation: Mechanisms and strategies]. 2nd ed., rev. and compl. Moscow: Eksmo Publ., 368 p. (In Russian)
Nartova-Bochaver, S. K. (1997) “Coping behavior” v sisteme ponyatij psikhologii lichnosti [“Coping benavior” in the system of concepts of personality psychology]. Psihologicheskii zhurnal, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 20–30. (In Russian)
Nikol’skaya, I. M. (2007) Sovladayushchee povedenie v zashchitnoj sisteme cheloveka [Coping behavior in the human defense system]. In: E. A. Sergienko, T. L. Kryukova (eds.). Psikhologiya sovladayushchego povedeniya. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferentsii 16–18 maya 2007 g. [The psychology of coping behavior. Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference 16–18 May 2007]. Kostroma: Nekrasov Kostroma State University, pp. 52–54. (In Russian)
Nikol’skaya, I. M., Granovskaya, R. M. (2006) Psikhologicheskaya zashchita u detej [Psychological protection in children]. Saint Petersburg: Rech’ Publ., 352 p. (In Russian)
Parsons, A., Frydenberg, E., Poole, Ch. (1996) Overachievement and coping strategies in adolescent males. British Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1996.tb01180.x (In English)
Regush, L. A., Alekseeva, E. V., Veretina, O. R. et al. (2020) Operatsionalizatsiya ponyatiya “psikhologicheskaya problema” v otechestvennyh i zarubezhnykh issledovaniyakh [Operationalization of the concept “psychological problem” in Russian and International research]. Izvestiya Rossijskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. A. I. Gertsena — Izvestia: Herzen University Journal of Humanities & Sciences, no. 197, pp. 7–17. https://doi.org/10.33910/1992-6464-2020-197-7-17 (In Russian)
Remschmidt, H. (1994) Podrostkovyj i yunosheskij vozrast: problemy stanovleniya lichnosti [Adolescence and youth: Problems of personality formation]. Moscow: Mir Publ., 320 p. (In Russian)
Sirota, N. A., Yaltonskij, V. M. (2007) Modeli koping-povedeniya podrostkov s razlichnymi variantami psikhosocial’noj adaptatsii [Coping behavior models of adolescents with various types of psychosocial adaptation]. In: E. A. Sergienko, T. L. Kryukova (eds.). Psikhologiya sovladayushchego povedeniya. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferentsii 16–18 maya 2007 g. [The psychology of coping behavior. Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference 16–18 May 2007]. Kostroma: Nekrasov Kostroma State University, pp. 151–154. (In Russian)
Soldatova, G. U. (2018) Tsifrovaya sotsializatsiya v kul’turno-istoricheskoj paradigme: izmenyayushchijsya rebenok v izmenyayushchemsya mire [Digital socialization in a cultural and historical paradigm: A changing child in a changing world]. Social’naya psihologiya i obshchestvo — Social Psychology and Society, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 71–80. https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2018090308 (In Russian)
van Ingen, E., Wright, K. B. (2016) Predictors of mobilizing online coping versus offline coping resources after negative life events. Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 59, рp. 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.048 (In English)
Vetrova, I. I. (2010) Razvitie kontrolya povedeniya, sovladaniya i psikhologicheskikh zashchit v podrostkovom vozraste [The development of behavior control, coping and psychological defenses in adolescence]. PhD dissertation (Psychology). Moscow, Institute of Psychology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 288 p. (In Russian)
Zhuravlev, A. L., Kryukova, T. L., Sergienko, E. A. (eds.). (2008) Sovladayushchee povedenie. Sovremennoe sostoyanie i perspektivy [Coping behavior. Current state and prospects]. Moscow: Institute of Psychology of Russian Academy of Sciences Publ., 481 p. (In Russian)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Ludmila A. Regush, Elena V. Alekseeva, Olga R. Veretina, Anna V. Orlova, Julia S. Pezhemskaya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The work is provided under the terms of the Public Offer and of Creative Commons public license Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). This license allows an unlimited number of persons to reproduce and share the Licensed Material in all media and formats. Any use of the Licensed Material shall contain an identification of its Creator(s) and must be for non-commercial purposes only.
